Before we prove some theorems, it is worth mentioning a few useful theorems and derived rules. They
are all solely based on propositional logic and temporal logic without chop and we omit their
proofs.
      | ⊢ | f1  ⊃ f2,   ,…,   ⊢ fn−1  ⊃ fn ⇒ ⊢ f1  ⊃ fn |  | ImpChain | 
| ⊢ | f1 ≡ f2,   ,…,   ⊢ fn−1 ≡ fn ⇒ ⊢ f1 ≡ fn |  | EqvChain | 
| ⊢ | f1,⊢ f2,…,⊢ fn   ⇒ ⊢ g, |  | Prop | 
|  | where the formula f1 ∧ f2 ∧…fn  ⊃ g |  |  | 
|  | is a substitution instance of a propositional tautology |  |  |